New Ideas In Sound
声音的新观念/Sheng1 Yin1 De1 Xin1 Gai4 Nian4
n/a
CHEARS: False
EARS: False
CMT: False
EARS2 Encyclopedia: False
CHEARS:
EARS: Machine Translation / MySQL (beta) at CHEARSdotinfo.co.uk
EARS 2: MT / MySQL (beta) at CHEARSdotinfo.co.uk
随着录音技术的发明，人们对待声音的看法彻底地改变了。所有的声音均可被捕获，并且被带进音乐厅，所有的声音都能被赋予乐感。
聆听这些声音
新声音1
你会如何描述这个声音？
新声音2
它是否似曾相识？
新声音3
这是什么声音？它来自哪里？
它们是否似曾相识？
这些声音来自哪里？
它们是如何创作出来的？
答案
录音技术可捕捉声音，电脑中的声音编辑程序用来对声音进行变形。
(对这些声音的制作手段感到好奇么？点击这里获得更多的信息 : )
新声音2: 由鸟鸣的原始录音进行变调并加入混响制作而成。鸟鸣的录音在原始基础上被升调了8次，然后加入了一个带有大量早期反射的混响，从而使声音变得模糊。
新声音3:由时间拉伸和变调制作而成。拉伸原始声音（汽车驶过），使得长度加倍，音高减半。
然后，我们可以组合这些声音来创作新的声音片段，例如：
作品节选
这个作品片段的制作，组合了以上出现的声音。这个片段中出现的所有声音，都可以在“声创软件”中的声音卡片集中找到。
这个图片是“声创软件”的工程截图。
（这是编辑和组合声音的工作形式）
新世界的新音乐
在19世纪末20世纪初，全世界正在发生巨变，机动车的发明和工业的扩张将我们的世界变得更加嘈杂和繁忙。
意大利未来主义画家、校园艺术家、作家和音乐家，都对新工业技术的发明很感兴趣：汽车、电话、飞机、火车（包括很多司空见惯的事物）。
他们感受到，现有的音乐并不能恰当地表现这个摩登时代，所以在工业声音和人类科技大发展的启发下，他们急需一种新的音乐类型。
意识到所有声音
路易吉·卢梭洛是一个未来主义者，他对一个观点提出了争议：所有音乐都只是使用四或者五种不同类型的声音制作而成：
弓奏乐器
拨奏乐器
铜管乐器
木管乐器
打击乐器
他要求说
“我们必须逃出这个狭隘的纯音乐圈，征服千变万化的噪音。
因此，让我们鼓励天才音乐家们大胆的聆听所有噪音，这样他们才有可能在创作中理解各式各样的节奏[和音色…]。
然后，将多变的噪音与乐音音色作对比，他们将会相信，噪音与传统交响乐声音相比，是多么的不同和有趣。”
聆听各个类别里面的声音范例。你更喜欢哪种声音？为什么？
管弦乐声音
键盘乐器
分离的音高
管乐器
平稳的音高
打击乐器
主要用作重音
弓弦乐器
平稳的音高
所有声音
叮
复杂的颤音和拍音
嘎吱
不同的声音质地
砰
有力的重击
啪嗒
许多深层的小声音
来自新技术的新声音
当技术发展到20世纪初期，越来越多激动人心的音乐可能性出现了。皮埃尔·舍非尔是法国广播电台（RTF）的技术人员，1940年，音频的无限可能性让他十分着迷，他开始将这种技术应用于音乐创作中。
1940年，皮埃尔·舍费尔作为在法国广播电台（RTF）工作的技术员，他开始被录音的可能性所吸引。他将声音录制到唱片上（类似LP唱片），然后探索了变形的可能性：例如：翻转声音，变调，时间拉伸以及循环。
使用这些技术，他发明了一种新的音乐风格，并将其称作具体音乐。
这是皮埃尔·舍费尔五首作品的其中一部声音片段。
扩展
他试图通过实验，将地铁的声音进行变型、拼贴以及节奏处理，创作了主要强调声音本身美感的一个作品。
总结：新音乐的可能性
录音技术永久地改变了音乐。任何声音现在都可以捕获，控制并且组织，从而创作出新的作品。
它允许我们使用声音做到以前不可能做到的事情。
计算机给我们每一个人变形声音和组织声音的机会，为我们打开了声音的整个世界。
事实
大多数我们听到的音乐，都不能立脱离录音技术而存在。
参考
在1913年，路易吉·卢梭洛发行了一个叫做“噪音艺术”的传单，他称之为新音乐。– 此处可阅读他的传单.
With the invention of recording technology the way in which people thought about sounds was completely changed. All sounds could be captured and brought into the concert hall, all sounds could be used musically.
Listen to these sounds:
New Sound One
How would you describe this sound?
New Sound Two
Does it sound like anything that you have heard before?
New Sound Three
What is this sound? Where did it come from?
Do they sound like anything that you have heard before?
Where did they come from?
How were they created?
Answer
Recording technology captured the sounds, and sound editing programmes on the computer were used to transform them.
(Curious about EXACTLY how each of these sounds were made? Click here for MORE information:)
Later, we can combine and organise these sounds to create pieces, for example:
Except of a piece
This is a short clip of a piece made by combining and organising some of the sounds from above. All of the sounds in this clip can be found as part of the External sound card pack in the Compose With Sounds software.
This is a picture of the session in the Compose With Sounds software.
(This is how it looks like to edit and combine sounds).
New Music for a New Age
The world at the end of the 19th and early 20th century was a rapidly changing place. The invention of the motor car and the expansion of factories made the world a much louder and busy place.
The Italian Futurists were excited by all of the new technologies being invented at the beginning of the 20th Century: cars, telephones, aeroplanes, trains (many of which we take for granted these days).
They felt that traditional music was out of date, boring and stuck in the past. And they wanted to create a new style of music that would fit with this new modern world.
Appreciating All Sounds
One of the Futurists, Luigi Russolo argued that most music was only made with about four or five different types of sound:
instruments played with the bow,
plucked instruments,
brass instruments,
woodwinds and
percussion.
He demanded:
“We must break out of this narrow circle of [note] sounds, and conquer the infinite variety of [all] sounds.
Let us therefore invite young musicians of genius and audacity { thats you! } to listen attentively to all sounds, so that they can understand the varied rhythms [and tones] of which they are composed. […]
Then, when comparing the varied timbres of sounds and noises with those of musical tones, they will be convinced by how much more interesting [all sounds are than the few traditional orchestra sounds].”
Listen to some examples of sounds from each category. Which collection of sounds do you prefer? Why?
Orchestral Sounds
Keys
Discrete and contained pitches
Wind
Steady pitch sound
Percussion
Mainly only used for emphasis.
Bow
Steady pitch sound.
All Sounds
Ding
Complex vibration and beating
Crunch
Different textures
Thud
Solid thump
Patter
Many small sounds with depth
New Sounds from New Technology
As the technologies developed and improved throughout the early 20th Century, ever more exciting possibilities for creating music became available.
Pierre Schaeffer was working as a technician at the French radio (RTF) in the 1940′s when he became fascinated with the possibilities of recorded sound. He recorded sounds onto vinyl disks (like LP records) and then explored the transformations that were possible: for example: reversing sounds, transposition, time-stretch and loops.
Using these techniques he invented a style of music which he called Musique Concrète
Etude Tourniquets (1948)
An excerpt from one of Pierre Schaeffer's five studies in sound.
Extra
Inspired by Futurists like Russolo, Pierre Schaeffer made recordings of the city around him and brought them back into the studio to create works of ‘Musique Concrète’. His early work ‘Étude aux chemins de fer‘ ['Railway Study'] (made in 1948) used recordings made at a railway depot in Paris.
Using the manipulation techniques that he had experimented with, he sought to transform, collage and explore the rhythmic properties of the railway sounds, creating a work that highlighted the beauty of the sounds themselves.
Summary: New Musical Possibilities
Recording technology changed music forever. Any sound can now be captured, controlled and organised to create new works.
It allows us to do things with sound that were never before possible. And lets us break free from the limitations of tradition.
Computers give everyone access to tools for sound transformation and organisation, opening up the full world of sounds to all.
Mic+Speaker
Fact
The majority of music that we hear would not exist without the technology of recording.
References
In 1913 Luigi Russolo published a leaflet called ‘The Art of Noises’ in which he called for a new music. – Read his leaflet here.
参看其它/See Also
术语翻译/Terms Translator
术语校对/Terms Proofreader
术语顾问/Consultant to terminology
参考文献/Bibliography
讲座/Lecture
评论/Comments
发表评论(预先注册)/Add comment on this term(members ONLY)