Plunderphonics
掠夺之声/Lue3 Duo2 Zhi1 Sheng1
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掠夺之声是一种特殊、激进的拼贴作曲，其中所有素材全部来自于已有的音乐。它是一个具有政治动机的流派，注重自由采样的概念和对虚伪的音乐版权法律的挑战。该术语起源于John Oswald的始祖级CD《掠夺之声》。
Plunderphonic composition is a specific, radical form of collage in which all materials have been appropriated from existent music. It is a politically motivated genre which is focused on the notion of free samples and challenging perceived hypocrisy of musical copyright law. The term is derived from the seminal CD by John Oswald called Plunderphonics.
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The name Plunderphonics is made up of two individual words,
‘Plunder’: to take or steal (think pirates), and
‘phonics’: a word that indicates sounds or sounding objects.
Therefore, the name means to compose works with stolen sounds. John Oswald, the man who invented the name, also called it ‘Audio Piracy’.
Audio Piracy
In works of plunderphonics the composer uses samples from existing recordings of musical works as the source material to create new works. By changing the playback speed, transposing the samples or filtering them, one can explore the qualities of the sounds that are available and in doing this you can create new music. For example, to take a pop song and time stretch it.
George Martin / Beatles
Listen to this example in which John Oswald took two famous clips from music by the Beatles, looped and pitch-shifted (transposed) them.
Collage
A work of art that is made by assembling pieces of different materials together.
The visual arts have often used excerpts and clips from media such as advertising, popular culture and the news in the creation of “new” artworks, through techniques such as collage.
Musicians and those working with sound took longer, but soon realised that the could do the same with samples. And as soon as sounds are recorded they become trapped, objects that can be controlled. In plunderphonics, artists take the archives of sound recordings, extract samples and use these to make new music.
Pop and Hip Hop
Pop music and hip hop often make use of samples, just like plunderphonics. Old songs or samples made from famous quotes from films, news or media are taken and used within a new piece of music.
One example is ’A Stroke of Genius’ by Freelance Hellraiser, an album made of popular songs mashed and mixed together.
A Stroke of Genuis (by Freelance Hellraiser)
This track is a mash-up of:
Christina Aguilera's Genie in a Bottle
&
The Strokes' Hard To Explain.
Activity
But to whom does the track belong?
Would you say that it is still a track by one of the original artists?
Or does it belong to the person who made the mash-up?
What other issues might be associated with taking and using someone else’s music in your own work?
Discuss.
Fact
Plunderphonics is a political style of music which challenges copyright law and questions the ownership of sounds.
Keywords:
Collage, Editing, Filter, Layering, Loop, Pitch Shifting
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