Silence
静音/Jing4 Yin1
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声音是被围绕在它周围的静音所定义的，这时静音成为了作品中非常关键的一个元素。
静音的力量
设想一个充满了音乐厅的管弦乐团，想象在指挥抬起指挥棒的停顿间隙以及打击乐组的定音鼓手在乐器上面握着音锤时的停顿间隙。
在这个情境中，指挥用静音来表达并强调这段作品的开端。他让听众等待着，因此当声音出现后，听众将对它们有更多的体会。
在创作中，我们可以用完全一样的方式使用静音来强调中某个点的声音。因此在一个作品中，无声已经变得与发声物同等重要。
事实
作曲家克劳德·德彪西十分相信静音的力量，他曾经写道：“音乐是音符之间的空隙”。
聆听挑战
聆听这两个声音范例：
这两个声音文件之间的不同是如何强调的？
作品中的静音
通常，如果作曲家感觉他们的作品还不够好，他们会仓促的加入更多的声音。但当实际情况发生时，他们的作品也许更需要少一些声音并多一些静音。有时把声音去掉将会是一个更好的音乐选择。
静音给予听众一个停顿的机会，使他们理解停顿前出现了什么，并为之后的声音做准备。
活动
尝试在你的作品中把静音当成一个音乐手段来创造一些空白间隙。
识别你作品中的关键声音，并通过插入静音来强调他们，不论是在之前还是之后。
附加
静音甚至还存在么？
约翰·凯奇认为在真实世界中是没有完全的静音存在的。即使你没有制造声音，也将会有来自电脑的呼呼声以及外界的噪音。凯奇的《4分33秒》利用这个事实为他的作品创造了有利条件，鼓励人们聆听演奏者之外的声音，突出了平常听众的声音，并将这些声音作为了音乐材料。
Sounds are defined by the silence that surrounds them. And in this way silence itself becomes a key element in composition.
The Power of Silence
Imagine an orchestra in a packed concert hall. Think of the pause where the conductor holds his baton raised and the timpanist in the percussion section holds his mallet aloft above his instrument. This moment is full of expectation, of anticipation for the sound that will follow.
In this scene the conductor is using silence to articulate and emphasise the start of the piece. He is making the audience wait so that when the sounds do emerge they will appreciate them more.
We can use silence in exactly the same way, to emphasise sounds at any point within a composition. The absence of sound, therefore, becomes just as important as the sounding objects within a piece.
Fact
The composer Claude Debussy believed strongly in the power of silence and once wrote "Music is the space between the notes".
Listening Challenge
Listen to these two audio examples:
How is the emphasis different between these two sound files?
Silence in Composition
Often, if composers feel that their piece is not quite right, they rush in to add more and more sounds. When really it is just as likely that their piece might require fewer sounds and more silence. Sometimes taking sounds away can be a better compositional choice.
Silence gives the audience a chance to pause, absorb what has come before and to prepare for the next sounds.
Activity
Try creating gaps and using silence as a compositional tool in your own pieces.
Identify key sounds within your piece and emphasise them by inserting silence, either before or after them.
Extra
Does Silence Even Exist?
John Cage recognised that there was no such thing as complete silence in the real world. Even if you don't make a sound there will still be the whirr of the computer and noises from outside. Cage's piece 4'33″ used this fact to its advantage, encouraging people to listen to the sounds outside of the performer, highlighting the everyday sounds of the audience as compositional material.
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