Duration
时值/Shi2 Zhi2
n/a
CHEARS: False
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EARS2 Encyclopedia: True
CHEARS:
EARS: Machine Translation / MySQL (beta) at CHEARSdotinfo.co.uk
Length in time. In our case for a sound, or a group of sounds
Some sounds are so short that we cannot hear them as individual sounds. Equally, some sounds are so long that they began before we arrived and will continue after we leave.
How Long is a Sound?
Sounds can be really long, very short or anything in between. Sometimes sounds are so long that they seem to be continuous; they start before we arrive and end after we leave. And sometimes sounds are so short that they begin to blur into one another, so that we can't hear them as individual sounds any more.
Length is one of the main parameters of traditional music and is really useful for allowing us to describe and work with sounds.
Composition Tip
When creating a work it is often a good idea to use a mixture of long and short sounds.
This will add to the diversity in your piece and give you a rich texture.
Note Length and Traditional Musical Notation
Time and duration is notated horizontally in traditional musical scores, with different icons and shapes to indicate different note durations. This allows us to see individual note durations and groups of notes representing rhythmical patterns.
However, some sounds possess their own internal rhythmic patterns and cannot easily be described by using traditional notation.
When working with sounds we can't rely on a visual diagram of rhythms. We must rely on our ears and an ability to listen out for sounds as they begin, stop and interact with other sounds.
Connections between Individual sounds
Even though sounds can be described individually, they often work together in groups or patterns (sometimes called gestures, textures or rhythms).
Smooth or Detached?
When these groupings happen the sounds can relate to one another in either a smooth or detached way.
Duration of Textures / Gestures
Sometimes it is more sensible for us to think about the duration of the texture/gesture than it is to think about the individual sound events on their own.
Fact
Granular Clouds are collections of very small sounds (in exactly the same way that clouds in the sky are collections of water droplets). They are highly textural but can also have their own gestural direction.
See also: Granular Synthesis.
Quiz – "How would you describe the following sounds in terms of duration? If they are long sounds do they contain smooth or detached rhythmical components?"
Constant Duration or Changing
Some sounds will be contained and constant, yet many sounds may change over time. Sometimes it can be difficult to tell if a sound is constant or and changing.
Activity
Try to group sounds into duration categories. There may be only three: short, medium or long; or perhaps use even more duration categories, such as: very short, short, and so one. Too many such categories will add complexity to your investigation. So I would suggest using fewer choices.
State whether the sources tend to produce a single sound or groups of them. In the case of groups, it is worthwhile to attempt to describe or notate patterns that evolve from that source and discover whether these patterns are static or dynamic.
•Do these groups of sounds suggest a certain tempo?
•In some cases the end of one sound and the beginning of the next sound might not be entirely clear. How can you describe such sonic movement?
•an entire environment if you dare.
It is much easier if you can record the environment and listen to it again and again. You may want to combine this type of transcription with pitch (and soon, dynamics as well). The notation you choose is open to you.
Extra
Perhaps a notation similar to traditional five-line notation is useful for some sounds; imaginative forms of graphic notation may better represent others.
See: Visual Representation AND Graphic Score
EARS 2: MT / MySQL (beta) at CHEARSdotinfo.co.uk
时值
有些声音听起来太短，我们无法把它们当做独立的声音对待。同样，有些声音太长，我们到达之前它们就已经开始了；我们离开之后，它还在继续着。
声音有多长？
有些声音听起来太短，我们无法把它们当做独立的声音对待。
有时,声音过长好似一直持续着；它始于我们到达之前，止于我们离去之后。
同样，有时声音过于短小，变得模糊不清，并且与其它声音融合，使我们再也无法将它作为一个独立的声音来对待。
缩减的嘟嘟声
嘟嘟声变得越来越短，越来越急促，直到我们无法分辨其独立性，它们渐渐地融合在一起变成一个连续的声音。
时值是传统音乐中的重要参数之一，它在描述声音和创作的时候非常有用。
作曲提示
在创作时，混合使用长音和短音是个好方法。
如此一来，你的曲子会变得多姿多彩，质地丰富。
音符时值和传统记谱法
在传统记谱法当中，时间和时值是通过以各种图标和图形的对位记谱，来表示不同的音符时值。这使我们可辨识出每个单音的时值以及音组的节奏型。
然而，有些声音内部具有特殊的节奏模式，所以并不能简单地使用传统记谱法来表述。
难以形容的声音
用符号很难描述该短片中那些时值各异的声音。
当我们与声音打交道时，不能仅仅依靠可视化的节奏图示。我们必须用耳朵去聆听，在其起，落，转，合中一探究竟。
不变与变化的声音
有些声音会一成不变，然而有很多声音却是随着时间千变万化 。它们声无常态，有的时候让我们很难辨别。
玻璃的碰撞声-加速
这个循环（速度）越来越快，声音（时值）也变的越来越短。
变化的时值
这个片段里，声音的时值在不断变化。
不变的时值
这个循环里的声音是不变的，声音的时值也没有变。
不变还是变？
有的时候很难界定声音是否在变化。这个文件里的声音虽然质地上有着变化，但是循环的节奏保持不变。变化若是十分缓慢，便很难分辨。
不同声音之间的关系
平滑连接还是离散连接？
当一个声音和另一个声音连接时，可以选择平滑连接或离散连接的方式。
平滑连接
如果声音舒适地、流畅地过度到另一个声音，我们就可以把这解释为平滑连接。
离散连接
如果声音之间的过渡听起来流动性欠佳，我们就可以称其为离散衔接。
质地、姿态的时值
有时直接考虑整体质地/姿态的时值要比考虑单个声音的时值更加合理。
粒子云
直接考虑一个均匀的粒子云的时值比考虑构成粒子云的许多独立且细微的声音要有效得多。 这是因为所有不同的声音一起作用会形成一个更大的姿态。
事实
同见：粒子合成 Granular Synthesis.
活动
聆听听一些声音，并试着根据不同的时值将它们分组。
它们有节奏型吗？
它们是变化的还是不变的？
你能始终听辨出一种声音的结尾和下一种声音的开头吗？如果你听不出声音的起点，时值又从何而知？
时值改变了吗？
如果你能把声音录下来，反复的听也许会更容易些。
附加
有的声音或许适合使用传统五线谱记谱；而其他的声音则使用虚构的图标来记谱效果更佳
见：“可视表现法”和“图标标记” 可视表现法和 图标标记
Some sounds are so short that we cannot hear them as individual sounds. Equally, some sounds are so long that they began before we arrived and will continue after we leave.
How Long is a Sound?
Sounds can be really long, very short or anything in between.
Sometimes sounds are so long that they seem to be continuous; they start before we arrive and end after we leave.
And sometimes sounds are so short that they begin to blur into one another, so that we can’t hear them as individual sounds any more.
Shrinking Beeps
The beeps get shorter and shorter, until they become so short that we can't tell them apart and they merge into a continuous sound
Length is one of the main parameters of traditional music and is really useful for allowing us to describe and work with sounds.
Composition Tip
When creating a work it is often a good idea to use a mixture of long and short sounds.
This will add to the diversity in your piece and give you a rich texture.
Note Length and Traditional Musical Notation
Time and duration is notated horizontally in traditional musical scores, with different icons and shapes to indicate different note durations. This allows us to see individual note durations and groups of notes representing rhythmical patterns.
However, some sounds possess their own internal rhythmic patterns and cannot easily be described by using traditional notation.
Difficult to describe
It would be difficult to notate the different durations of every sound within this short clip.
When working with sounds we can’t rely on a visual diagram of rhythms. We must rely on our ears and an ability to listen out for sounds as they begin, stop and interact with other sounds.
Constant or Changing Duration?
Some sounds will be contained and constant, yet many sounds may change over time. Sometimes it can be difficult to tell if a sound is constant or changing.
Glass Ding - Speed Up
This looped sound gets faster and faster and the sounds within it get shorter and shorter
Changing Durations
The sound durations in this clip are constantly changing.
Constant Duration
This looped sound is constant, the sound durations do not change.
Constant or Changing?
Sometimes it can be difficult to identify if sound durations are constant or changing. This file changes in texture but the looping rhythm remains the same. If changes happen very slowly it can be difficult to spot them.
Connections between Individual Sounds
Even though sounds can be described individually, they often work together in groups or patterns (sometimes called gestures, textures or rhythms).
Smooth or Detached?
When these groupings happen the sounds can relate to one another in either a smooth or detached way.
Smooth
If the sounds flow into one another comfortably we can describe them as smooth.
Detached
If the sounds are jittery or awkward and dont flow well, we can describe them as detatched.
Duration of Textures / Gestures
Sometimes it is more sensible for us to think about the duration of the texture/gesture than it is to think about the individual sound events on their own.
Granular Cloud
It is more useful for us to think about the duration of this smooth granular cloud than to think about the many individual small sounds that make it up. This is because the individual sounds all work together to create a larger texture.
Fact
Granular Clouds are collections of very small sounds (in exactly the same way that clouds in the sky are collections of water droplets). They are highly textural but can also have their own gestural direction.
See also: Granular Synthesis.
Activity
Listen to some sounds and try to group them into duration categories (short, medium, long etc.).
Are there any patterns?
Do these patterns change or are they steady?
Can you always hear the end of one sound and the beginning of the next? How can you tell the length of the sounds if you don’t know where they begin?
Do the durations change?
It is much easier if you can record the sounds and are able to listen to them again and again.
Extra
Perhaps a notation similar to traditional five-line notation is useful for some sounds; imaginative forms of graphic notation may better represent others.
See: Visual Representation AND Graphic Score
Encyclopedia:
Length in time. In our case for a sound, or a group of sounds.
Learn More
Explore duration in “The Sounds of Sound Based Music” – Duration.
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