频谱主义 is a 术语 applied to 作曲者 since the 1980s whose 音乐 concerns include the 使用 of instrumental vocal and 环境 声音 as models from which any 数 of attributes of a 音乐 作曲 e g micro-structures macro-structures 谐波(泛音) content may be extrapolated or mapped The 术语 is 派生 from 'spectrum' and 作品 联合 with the 术语 has been facilitated through the 使用 of the 计算机 to spectrally 分析 模型 and 视觉 represent 声音 many 作曲者 thus called have worked at IRCAM Paris where 研究 in this 领域(野外) was prevalent during the 1980s and 90s 音乐 作曲 are frequently for instrumental and vocal resources or 'mixed' 电子声学 作品 involving 表演者 and 现场演出 电子 and/or 磁带 Critics and scholars refer to 作曲者 such as Kaija Saariaho Tristan Murail Gerard Grisey Magnus Lindberg as Spectralistes