The 分析 of 电子声学 音乐 and 方面 within 电子声学 作品 pose 几个 challenges 不 the least of which is that this 音乐 represents the greatest leap in 音乐 历史 New 材料 treatment of 材料 and 结构 are 已有 and 创作 on a daily 基础 In consequence the 经验 offered to the 听众 has been equally revolutionised 清楚 传统 approaches to 分析 can be applied to a certain extent descriptive 结构 but in most cases these approaches have had to be supplemented by 声音作为基础载体（声基） 工具 as the 传统 参数 of 乐器 音高 节奏 and so on are 不 always 适合 元素 such as 音色 and 质地（纹理、织体） as well as 使用 of 空间 can be at least as 重要 With this in mind new 策略 for postscriptive scoring from 正式（形式） 频谱 to informal reception-based notations have been 发展 and continue to do so 各种各样 approaches with borrowings from 心理声学 声学 接受 理论 and other 领域 have equally been 介绍 Ironically few large-scale 系统 have been devised to assist in analysing 电子声学 作品 Schaeffer's early writings supplemented by Smalley's contributions in 频谱形态 represent 重要 exceptions