The 效果(效应) one 声音 has on another by 制作 it harder or 不可能 to 听 In 声音景观(声景) 设计 for 例如 掩蔽 can make the 声音 环境 more 宜人 掩蔽 occurs for a few 毫秒 before and after the desired 声音 these 现象 being termed forward and backward 掩蔽 respectively 源 Barry Truax - Handbook for Acoustic 生态学 CD-ROM Edition Cambridge Street 出版 1999 - CSR-CDR 9901